IGCSE GCSE - kumatics education

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GCSE IGCSE

This section is strategically designed to take you through the GCSE and IGCSE content by topics. With your understanding and application of the content, and ways that the questions are treated, you can be rest assured of excellent performance in your exams.

MATHEMATICS

This section covers:

Types of numbers WORKING WITH FRACTIONS ORDER OF OPERATIONS (BIDMAS) SIGNIFICANT FIGURES AND DECIMAL PLACES

RECURRING DECIMALS

This section covers:

◼ PERCENTAGES ◼ PERCENTAGE INCREASE AND DECREASE ◼ RATIO ◼ PROPORTION

This section covers:

◼ PRIME FACTORS ◼ HCF LCM ◼ STANDARD FORM ◼ HCF AND LCM

This section covers:

COMPOUND PERCENTAGES INVERSE PERCENTAGES COMPOUND AND SIMPLE INTEREST

This section covers:

CALCULATORS ESTIMATING UPPER AND LOWER BOUNDS DEGREE OF ACCURACY LIMIT OF ACCURACY(Error intervals)

This section covers:

◼ SURD ◼ INDICES ◼ SEQUENCES

This section covers:

◼ SIMPLIFYING ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS ◼ SIMPLIFYING ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS WITH BRACKETS ◼ SOLVING EQUATIONS

This section covers:

◼ SIMPLIFYING ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS ◼ SOLVING EQUATIONS WITH ROOTS AND POWERS ◼ POSITIVE INTEGER INDICES ◼ INEQUALITIES

This section covers:

◼ SIMPLE FACTORISATION ◼ SIMPLIFYING FRACTIONS ◼ EQUATIONS WITH FRACTIONS ◼ SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS

This section covers:

◼ USING FORMULAE ◼ CHANGE OF SUBJECT ◼ FURTHER FORMULAE ◼ SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS

This section covers:

◼ MULTIPLYING BRACKETS ◼ FACTORISING QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS ◼ SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS BY FACTORISATION ◼ PROBLEMS LEADING TO QUADRATIC EQUATIONS ◼ INTRO TO EXPONENTIAL EQUATIONS ◼ COMPLETING THE SQUARE ◼ TRIAL AND IMPROVEMENT

This section covers:

◼ FUNCTIONS

This section covers:

◼ CALCULUS

This section covers:

◼ GRADIENT OF A STRAIGHT LINE ◼ PLOTTING STRAIGHT-LINE GRAPHS ◼ STRAIGHT-LINE CONVERSION GRAPHS ◼ SCATTER PLOT ◼ BOX PLOT

This section covers:

◼ STRAIGHT-LINE GRAPHS ◼ SKETCHING STRAIGHT-LINE GRAPHS ◼ SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS

This section covers:

◼ DISTANCE–TIME GRAPHS ◼ SPEED–TIME GRAPHS

This section covers:

◼ QUADRATIC GRAPHS y = ax ² + bx + c ◼ SOLUTION OF 0 = ax ² + bx + c ◼ Equation of circle ◼ Trigonometry Graph

This section covers:

◼ REPRESENTING INEQUALITIES GRAPHICALLY ◼ PERPENDICULAR LINES ◼ MID-POINTS ◼ USING PYTHAGORAS’ THEOREM

This section covers:

◼ TRIANGLES ◼ QUADRILATERALS ◼ POLYGONS ◼ CONSTRUCTIONS

This section covers:

◼ PYTHAGORAS’ THEOREM ◼ CIRCLE THEOREMS ◼ TRIG SOH CAH TOA ◼ SINE AND COSINE RULE

This section covers:

◼ TANGENT RATIO ◼ CALCULATING SIDES ◼ CALCULATING ANGLES ◼ LINES AND ANGLES

This section covers:

◼ SINE AND COSINE RATIOS ◼ CALCULATING SIDES ◼ CALCULATING ANGLES ◼ MIXED ◼ QUESTIONS BEARING

This section covers:

◼ TRANSFORMATIONS ◼ TRANSLATIONS ◼ REFLECTIONS AND ROTATIONS ◼ ENLARGEMENTS ◼ COMBINED TRANSFORMATIONS

This section covers:

◼ AREA ◼ VOLUME ◼ CIRCLES ◼ PERIMETER

This section covers:

◼ SIMILARITY ◼ CONGRUENCE

This section covers:

◼ HISTOGRAM ◼ PICTOGRAM ◼ BAR CHARTS ◼ PIE CHARTS ◼ BOX PLOT ◼ STEM AND LEAF PLOT

This section covers:

◼ FREQUENCY TABLES ◼ DISCRETE DATA ◼ CONTINUOUS DATA

This section covers:

◼ MEASURES OF DISPERSION ◼ QUARTILES ◼ CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY

This section covers:

◼ PROBABILITY – SINGLE EVENTS ◼ EXPERIMENTAL PROBABILITY ◼ THEORETICAL PROBABILITY

This section covers:

◼ Matrices ◼ MA1

This section covers:

◼ SET NOTATION ◼ VENN DIAGRAMS

This section covers:

◼ VECTORS

CHEMISTRY

This section covers:

◼Fuels ◼ Homologous series◼ Alkanes ◼Alkenes◼Alcohols◼Isomers◼Cracking◼Polymers◼Esters

This section covers:

◼ Everything is made of particles ◼ Solids, liquids, and gases ◼ Change of state ◼Brownian motion

This section covers:

◼ MIXTURES, SOLUTIONS, AND SOLVENTS ◼ PURE SUBSTANCES AND IMPURITIES ◼ SEPARATION METHODS (PART 1) ◼ SEPARATION METHODS (PART 2) ◼ MORE ABOUT PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY ◼ THE CHROMATOGRAPHY DETECTIVES

This section covers:

◼ ATOMS AND ELEMENTS ◼ MORE ABOUT ATOMS ◼ ATOMS AND IONS ◼ ISOTOPES AND RADIOACTIVITY ◼ HOW ELECTRONS ARE ARRANGED ◼ HOW OUR MODEL OF THE ATOM DEVELOPED ◼ THE ATOM: THE INSIDE STORY ◼ THE METALS AND NON-METALS

This section covers:

◼ AN OVERVIEW OF THE PERIODIC TABLE ◼ GROUP I: THE ALKALI METALS ◼ GROUP VII: THE HALOGENS ◼ GROUP VIII: THE NOBLE GASES ◼ THE TRANSITION ELEMENTS ◼ ACROSS THE PERIODIC TABLE ◼ HOW THE PERIODIC TABLE DEVELOPED ◼ ELECTRONIC STRUCTURES AND THE PERIODIC TABLE ◼ EXPLAINING TRENDS ◼ THE TRANSITION ELEMENTS

This section covers:

◼ COMPOUNDS, MIXTURES, AND CHEMICAL CHANGE ◼ WHY DO ATOMS FORM BONDS? ◼ THE IONIC BOND ◼ MORE ABOUT IONS ◼ THE COVALENT BOND ◼ COVALENT COMPOUNDS ◼ COMPARING IONIC AND COVALENT COMPOUNDS ◼ GIANT COVALENT STRUCTURES ◼ THE BONDING IN METALS ◼ NANOPARTICLES ◼ APPLICATION OF NANOPARTICLES

This section covers:

◼ THE NAMES OF FORMULAE OF COMPOUNDS ◼ EQUATIONS FOR CHEMICAL REACTIONS ◼ THE MASSES OF ATOMS, MOLECULES, AND IONS ◼ SOME CALCULATIONS ABOUT MASSES AND %

This section covers:

◼ RELATIVE MASSES AND MOLES ◼ EQUATIONS AND CALCULATIONS ◼ FROM MASSES TO BALANCED EQUATIONS ◼ THE YIELD OF A CHEMICAL REACTION ◼ ATOM ECONOMY ◼ EXPRESSING CONCENTRATIONS ◼ TITRATIONS ◼ TITRATION CALCULATIONS ◼ VOLUME OF GASES

This section covers:

◼ METALS: A REVIEW ◼ COMPARING METALS FOR REACTIVITY ◼ METALS IN COMPETITION ◼ THE REACTIVITY SERIES ◼ MAKING USE OF THE REACTIVITY SERIES

This section covers:

◼ INTRODUCTION TO ELECTROLYSIS ◼ CHANGES AT THE ELECTRODES ◼ THE EXTRACTION OF ALUMINUM ◼ ELECTROLYSIS OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

This section covers:

◼ CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS ◼ THE PRINCIPLES OF ELECTROLYSIS ◼ THE REACTION OF THE ELECTRODES◼ THE ELECTROLYSIS OF BRINE ◼TWO MORE USES OF ELECTROLYSIS

This section covers:

◼ THE REACTIVITY SERIES ◼ DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS ◼ EXTRACTION METALS ◼ SALTS FROM METALS ◼ SALTS FROM INSOLUBLE BASES ◼ MAKING MORE SALTS ◼ NEUTRALISATION AND PH SCALE ◼ STRONG AND WEAK ACIDS

This section covers:

◼EXOTHERMIC AND ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS ◼ USING ENERGY TRANSFER FROM REACTIONS ◼ REACTION PROFILES ◼ BOND ENERGY CALCULATIONS ◼ CHEMICAL CELLS AND BATTERIES ◼ FUEL CELLS

This section covers:

◼ RATE OF REACTION ◼ COLLISION THEORY AND SURFACE AREA ◼ THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ◼ THE EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION AND PRESSURE ◼ THE EFFECT OF CATALYSTS ◼ REVERSIBLE REACTIONS ◼ ENERGY AND REVERSIBLE REACTIONS ◼ DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM ◼ ALTERING CONDITIONS

This section covers:

◼ ACIDS AND ALKALIS ◼ A CLOSER LOOK AT ACIDS AND ALKALIS ◼ THE REACTIONS OF ACIDS AND BASES ◼ A CLOSER LOOK AT NEUTRALIZATION ◼ OXIDES ◼ MAKING SALTS ◼ MAKING INSOLUBLE SALTS BY PRECIPITATION ◼ FINDING CONCENTRATIONS BY TITRATION

This section covers:

◼ METALS IN THE EARTH’S CRUST ◼ METALS IN THE EARTH’S CRUST ◼ EXTRACTING METALS FROM THEIR ORES ◼ EXTRACTING IRON ◼ EXTRACTING ALUMINIUM ◼ MAKING USE OF METALS AND ALLOYS ◼ STEELS AND STEEL-MAKING ◼ METALS, CIVILIZATION, AND YOU

This section covers:

◼ HYDROCARBONS ◼ FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION OF OIL ◼ FUELS ◼ CRACKING HYDROCARBONS

This section covers:

◼ ALKANE ◼ ALKENE ◼ ALCOHOLS ◼ CARBOXYLIC ACIDS ◼ ESTERS

This section covers:

◼ HOMOLOGOUS SERIES ◼ ISOMERISM

This section covers:

◼ POLYMERS ◼ ADDITION & CONDENSATION POLYMERIZATION ◼ NATURAL POLYMERS ◼ DNA

This section covers:

◼ HISTORY OF OUR ATMOSPHERE ◼ OUR EVOLVING ATMOSPHERE ◼ GREENHOUSE GASES ◼ GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE ◼ ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS

This section covers:

◼ FINITE AND RENEWABLE RESOURCES ◼ WATER SAFE TO DRINK ◼ TREATING WASTEWATER ◼ EXTRACTING METALS FROM ORES ◼ LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENTS ◼ REDUCE, REUSE, AND RECYCLE

This section covers:

◼ WHAT IS AIR? ◼ MAKING USE OF AIR ◼ POLLUTION ALERT! ◼ THE RUSTING PROBLEM ◼ WATER SUPPLY ◼ LIVING IN SPACE

This section covers:

◼ OXIDATION AND REDUCTION ◼ REDOX AND ELECTRON TRANSFER ◼ REDOX AND CHANGES IN OXIDATION STA TE ◼ OXIDISIN G AND REDUCING AGENTS

This section covers:

◼ RUSTING ◼ USEFUL ALLOYS ◼ THE PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS ◼ GLASS, CERAMICS, AND COMPOSITES ◼ MAKING AMMONIA – THE HABER PROCESS ◼ THE ECONOMICS OF THE HABER PROCESS ◼ MAKING FERTILISERS IN THE LAB ◼ MAKING FERTILISERS IN INDUSTRY

This section covers:

◼ CHEMICAL ANALYSIS◼ PURE SUBSTANCES AND MIXTURES ◼ ANALYSING CHROMATOGRAMS ◼ TESTING FOR GASES ◼ TESTING FOR POSITIVE IONS ◼ AC//TESTING FOR NEGATIVE IONS ◼ INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS

BIOLOGY

PHYSICS

Forces and Motion

Standard SI units, prefixes (nano to giga), and significant figures.

Distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration

Newton’s Three Laws of Motion.
Weight (W =mg) and the difference between mass and weight.
Terminal velocity in fluids (Drag and Air Resistance).
Hooke’s Law (F =kx), elastic vs. plastic deformation.
Vector Addition: Resultant forces using scale drawings or trigonometry.

Center of gravity, principle of moments (M=f x d), and stability

Conservation of momentum, (p=mu), and force as the rate of change of momentum.

Electricity

V =IR Q=It

IV characteristics for Ohmic conductors, filament lamps, diodes, LDRs, and thermistors..

Series and parallel rules for current, voltage, and total resistance.

P =IV, P =I R2, E=IVt

AC vs. DC, three-pin plugs, fuses, circuit breakers (RCCBs), and earthing.

Charging by friction, electric fields, and gold-leaf
electroscopes (Common in Edexcel/CIE).

Waves

Transverse vs. longitudinal

Range of human hearing (20Hz–20kHz), ultrasound applications (sonar, prenatal scanning), and echo calculations

Reflection and Refraction (Snell’s Law).
Total Internal Reflection (TIR) and optical fibers.
Lenses: Ray diagrams for converging and diverging lenses; magnification calculations.

Properties, hazards, and uses of the EM spectrum (Radio to
Gamma).

Frequency shifts in moving sources.

Energy Resources and Transfers

Kinetic, Gravitational Potential(mgh), Chemical, Elastic, Magnetic, Electrostatic, Nuclear, and Thermal.

Mechanically, Electrically, by Heating, or by Radiation

Calculating efficiency as a percentage of useful energy output.

Conduction, Convection, and Radiation (Black body radiation).
Specific Heat Capacity (Q=mcΔθ)

Renewable (Solar, Wind, Hydro, Geothermal) vs. Non-renewable (Fossil
fuels, Nuclear).

Solids, Liquids, and Gases

ρ =m/V; P =F/A; P =hρg

Boyle’s Law (P1V1=P2V2).
Relationship between Temperature (Kelvin) and Pressure (Pressure Law).

Specific Latent Heat (Fusion and Vaporization) and cooling curves

Magnetism and Electromagnetism

Magnetic field patterns and induced magnetism.

Right-hand grip rule and solenoids.

Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule and DC motor construction.

Faraday’s Law and Lenz’s Law; AC Generators (Alternators) vs. DC Dynamos.

Step-up and step-down transformers; efficiency and power transmission (P=IV)

Radioactivity and Particles

Protons, neutrons, electrons, and isotopes.

Properties of Alpha, Beta, and Gamma radiation.

Balanced nuclear equations and Half-life calculations.

Sterilization, tracers, carbon dating vs. tissue damage and mutation.

Fission (Chain reactions and control rods) and Fusion (Conditions in stars)

Astrophysics (Board Nuances)

Orbits of planets, comets, and satellites; orbital speed

Life cycle of stars based on mass (Nebula to Black Hole/White Dwarf).

The Big Bang theory, Red-shift (Doppler shift in light), and Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR)

Practicals.

Students must be familiar with standardized experiments including:

Specific Heat Capacity of a metal block.
Thermal insulators (effectiveness of different materials).
Resistance of a wire (length vs. resistance).
Density of irregular objects using displacement cans.
Force and Extension (Hooke’s Law).

GEOGRAPHY

HISTORY

BUSINESS STUDIES

ECONOMICS

ENGLISH AND LITRATURE

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GCSE IGCSE

MATHEMATICS

CHEMISTRY

BIOLOGY

PHYSICS

Forces and Motion

Electricity

Waves

Energy Resources and Transfers

Solids, Liquids, and Gases

Magnetism and Electromagnetism

Radioactivity and Particles

Astrophysics (Board Nuances)

Practicals.

GEOGRAPHY

HISTORY

BUSINESS STUDIES

ECONOMICS

ENGLISH AND LITRATURE

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